วันอังคารที่ 1 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2551

Poison and toxic signs

Anticholinergic poisoning is given physostigmine sulfate as the antidote.
Anticholinesterase poisoning is given atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride 2-PAM as the antidote.
Benzodiazepine poisoning is given flumazenil as the antidote.
Beta blocker poisoning is given glucagon as the antidote.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is given oxygen as the antidote.
Cyanide poisoning is given amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and thiosulfate as the antidote.
Digoxin poisoning is given Fragment antigen binding(Fab) fragments that bind to digoxin (trade names Digibind and Digifab) as the antidote.
Ethylene glycol poisoning is given ethanol or fomepizole as the antidote.
Extrapyramidal reactions associated with antipsychotic poisoning is given diphenhydramine hydrochloride and benztropine mesylate as the antidote.
Heavy metal poisoning is given chelators, calcium disodium edetate (EDTA), dimercaprol (BAL), penicillamine, and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, succimer) as the antidote.
Heparin poisoning is given protamine sulfate as the antidote.
Iron poisoning is given deferoxamine mesylate as the antidote.
Isoniazid poisoning is given pyridoxine as the antidote.
Methanol poisoning is given ethanol or fomepizole as the antidote.
Methemoglobinemia poisoning is given methylene blue as the antidote.
Opioid poisoning is given naloxone hydrochloride as the antidote.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is given N-acetylcysteine as the antidote.
Thallium poisoning is given Prussian blue as the antidote.
Warfarin poisoning is given vitamin K phytonadione and fresh frozen plasma as the antidote.

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