Some poisons have specific antidotes:
Poison/DrugAntidote
paracetamol (acetaminophen) / N-acetylcysteine
vitamin K anticoagulants, e.g. warfarin / vitamin K
opioids / naloxone
iron (and other heavy metals) / desferrioxamine, Deferasirox or Deferiprone
benzodiazepines / flumazenil
ethylene glycol / ethanol, fomepizole or Thiamine
methanol / ethanol or fomepizole
cyanide / amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite & sodium thiosulfate
Organophosphates / Atropine & Pralidoxime
Magnesium / Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil, Diltiazem) / Calcium Gluconate
Beta-Blockers (Propranolol, Sotalol) / Calcium Gluconate and/or Glucagon
Isoniazid / Pyridoxine
Enhanced excretion
In some situations elimination of the poison can be enhanced using diuresis, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, or exchange transfusion.
Further treatment
In the majority of poisonings the mainstay of management is providing supportive care for the patient, i.e. treating the symptoms rather than the poison.
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